Appendix of Dimensions

Dimensional Listing

 

linear density

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

denier (2)

linear density

linear density

(0,-1,1)

kilogram per meter

CRC F349; RR

drex

linear density

linear density

(0,-1,1)

kilogram per meter

RR

linear density

linear density

linear density

(0,-1,1)

kilogram per meter

periodic table

poumar

linear density

linear density

(0,-1,1)

kilogram per meter

RR

tex

linear density

linear density

(0,-1,1)

kilogram per meter

CRC F358; Sz 60, 689

 

 

dynamic viscosity

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

absolute viscosity

dynamic viscosity

dynamic viscosity

(-1,-1,1)

pascal second

CRC F38

degree macmichael

dynamic viscosity

dynamic viscosity

(-1,-1,1)

pascal second

RR

dynamic viscosity

dynamic viscosity

dynamic viscosity

(-1,-1,1)

pascal second

CRC F10, F283, F364; M 1-18, 3-52; MH 2416; Sz 57, 673

pascal-second

dynamic viscosity

dynamic viscosity

(-1,-1,1)

pascal second

CRC F355; RR

poise

dynamic viscosity

dynamic viscosity

(-1,-1,1)

pascal second

CRC F37, F38, F118, F284, F339, F356; M 1-24; MH 2423

pressure drop

.

dynamic viscosity

(-1,-1,1)

.

CRC F366

reyn

dynamic viscosity

dynamic viscosity

(-1,-1,1)

pascal second

CRC F39, F357; RR

rigidity coefficient

.

dynamic viscosity

(-1,-1,1)

.

CRC F364

viscosity

dynamic viscosity

dynamic viscosity

(-1,-1,1)

pascal second

CRC F37, F61, F63, F65, F131; M 1-18, 3-52; RR

 

 

 

heat source power

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

heat source power

heat source power

heat source power

(-3,-1,1)

watt per cu meter

CRC F366

 

 

capacitance

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

area density

area density

capacitance

(0,-2,1)

kilogram per sq meter

Sz 57, 672

body mass index

.

capacitance

(0,-2,1)

kilogram per sq meter

RR

capacitance

capacitance

capacitance

(0,-2,1)

farad

AIP 41; AQ 28; CRC F84, F134, F283, F313; M 1-18, 15-3; MH 2415

farad

capacitance

capacitance

(0,-2,1)

farad

CRC F134, F283, F313; M 1-18; MH 2415;

hardness (2)

.

capacitance

(0,-2,1)

kilogram per sq meter

CRC D38

jar

capacitance

capacitance

(0,-2,1)

farad

RR

momme (2)

.

capacitance

(0,-2,1)

kilogram per sq meter

RR

sailmaker ounce

area density

capacitance

(0,-2,1)

kilogram per sq meter

RR

surface concentration

surface concentration

capacitance

(0,-2,1)

kilogram per sq meter

CRC F365

 

 

conductance

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

admittance

admittance

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

siemens

M 15-3; Sz 58, 680

characteristic impedance

sound impedance

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

newton second per cu meter

siengpielaudio.com, wordiq.com

conductance

conductance

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

siemens

AIP 41; AQ 28; CRC F87, F134, F283, F313; M 1-18, 15-3

dielectric polarization

electric dipole moment per volume

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

coulomb meter per cu meter

CRC F91

electric flux density

conductance

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

coulomb per sq meter

AQ 28; Sz 58, 680

electric polarization

.

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

coulomb per sq meter

AIP 43

electromagnetic momentum density

poynting vector per c squared

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

.

AIP 77

evaporation

evaporation

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

kilogram per sq meter second

CRC E407

mass flux density

.

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

.

CRC F363, F365, F379

mass velocity

.

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

.

CRC F363

mho

conductance

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

siemens

CRC F113, F313, F354

polarization

polarization

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

coulomb per sq meter

AIP 43; AQ 28

rayl

sound impedance

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

newton second per cu meter

efunda.com; lp2cd.com; RR; sizes.com

siemens

conductance

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

siemens

CRC F134, F283, F313, F357; M 1-18; RR

sound impedance

sound impedance

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

newton second per cu meter

wordiq.com

specific acoustic impedance

sound impedance

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

newton second per cu meter

efunda.com; lp2cd.com; phys.unsw.edu.au; sizes.com

surface charge density

surface charge density

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

coulomb per sq meter

AIP 46; CRC F127, F303; Sz 58, 677

susceptance

i conductance

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

siemens

AIP 41; M 15-3; Sz 58, 680

unit-area acoustic impedance

sound impedance

conductance

(-1,-2,1)

newton second per cu meter

lp2cd.com

 

 

pressure gradient

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

current density

.

pressure gradient

(-2,-2,1)

ampere per sq meter

CRC F303, F364

electric current density

.

pressure gradient

(-2,-2,1)

ampere per sq meter

AIP 38

electron emission

.

pressure gradient

(-2,-2,1)

ampere per sq meter

CRC E407

pressure gradient

pressure gradient

pressure gradient

(-2,-2,1)

pascal per meter

CRC F366

reluctance

reluctance

pressure gradient

(-2,-2,1)

reciprocal henry

AQ 28; CRC F122; M 15-4; Sz 58, 679

specific weight

.

pressure gradient

(-2,-2,1)

newton per cu meter

M 3-52

surface current density

surface current density

pressure gradient

(-2,-2,1)

ampere per sq meter

Sz 58, 677

 

 

density

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

absolute density

density

density

(0,-3,1)

kilogram per cu meter

CRC F73

absolute gravity

density

density

(0,-3,1)

kilogram per cu meter

CRC F73

absolute humidity

density

density

(0,-3,1)

kilogram per cu meter

CRC F73

active mass

density

density

(0,-3,1)

kilogram per cu meter

CRC F75

balling

.

density

(0,-3,1)

kilogram per cu meter

RR

blood alcohol concentration

.

density

(0,-3,1)

kilogram per cu meter

RR

concentration (1)

mass concentration

density

(0,-3,1)

kilogram per cu meter

CRC F363, F365, F378

condosity

molar weight concentration

density

(0,-3,1)

kilogram mole per cu meter

CRC D271

density

density

density

(0,-3,1)

kilogram per cu meter

AIP 45; CRC E44, F66, F90, F283, F302, F364; M 1-18, 3-52; MH 2416

dielectric suscepibility

.

density

(0,-3,1)

.

CRC F377

dimensional concentration

concentration

density

(0,-3,1)

kilogram per cu meter

CRC F363, F365, F378

humidity

density

density

(0,-3,1)

kilogram per cu meter

CRC F103

mass density

density

density

(0,-3,1)

kilogram per cu meter

AIP 45

mass transfer potential

.

density

(0,-3,1)

.

CRC F364

osmosity

molar weight concentration

density

(0,-3,1)

kilogram mole per cu meter

CRC D271

ounce weight

.

density

(0,-3,1)

kilogram per cu meter

RR

permittivity

permittivity

density

(0,-3,1)

farad per meter

AIP 44; CRC F215; M 15-3; Sz 58, 678

solubility (2)

solubility

density

(0,-3,1)

kilogram per cu meter

CRC B68

x-ray density

.

density

(0,-3,1)

kilogram per cu meter

CRC D38

 

 

electrical conductivity

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

conductivity

volume conductivity

electrical conductivity

(-1,-3,1)

siemens per meter

AIP 44; CRC E63, F87, F364; M 15-3; Sz 58

electric charge density

volume charge density

electrical conductivity

(-1,-3,1)

coulomb per cu meter

AIP 45; CRC F377

electrolytic conductivity

.

electrical conductivity

(-1,-3,1)

siemens per meter

AIP 45

iacs

conductivity

electrical conductivity

(-1,-3,1)

siemens per meter

RR

reaction rate

reaction rate

electrical conductivity

(-1,-3,1)

kilogram per cu meter second

CRC F363, F366, F379

specific conductance

conductivity

electrical conductivity

(-1,-3,1)

siemens per meter

CRC D271, F125

volume charge density

volume charge density

electrical conductivity

(-1,-3,1)

coulomb per cu meter

Sz 58, 677

volume conductivity

volume conductivity

electrical conductivity

(-1,-3,1)

siemens per meter

CRC F87

 

 

density gradient

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

density gradient

density gradient

density gradient

(0,-4,1)

kilogram per cu meter meter

CRC F364

thermionic current density

surface ion emission

density gradient

(0,-4,1)

ampere per sq meter

CRC F128

 

 

acoustic impedance

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

acoustic impedance

acoustic impedance

acoustic impedance

(-1,-4,1)

pascal second per cu meter

efunda.com; owenscorning.com; phys.unsw.edu.au

acoustic ohm

acoustic impedance

acoustic impedance

(-1,-4,1)

pascal second per cu meter

efunda.com; owenscorning.com; RR

 

 

 

electric charge

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

ampere hour

electric charge

electric charge

(-1,0,1)

coulomb

CRC F76, F346

charge of particle

electric charge

electric charge

(-1,0,1)

coulomb

CRC F329

coulomb

electric charge

electric charge

(-1,0,1)

coulomb

CRC F88, F134, F283, F348; M 1-18; MH 2415

electric charge

electric charge

electric charge

(-1,0,1)

coulomb

AIP 39; CRC F134, F283, F313; MH 2415

electric flux

electric charge

electric charge

(-1,0,1)

coulomb

AIP 47; AQ 28; Sz 58, 680

faraday

molar electric charge

electric charge

(-1,0,1)

coulomb per mole

CRC F98; M 1-21; RR table27 p115

franklin

electric charge

electric charge

(-1,0,1)

coulomb

CRC F350; RR

mass flow

mass flow

electric charge

(-1,0,1)

kilogram per second

AIP 39; CRC F363, F365, F379; M 3-52

mass flux

mass flow

electric charge

(-1,0,1)

kilogram per second

CRC F363, F365, F379

mechanical impedance

.

electric charge

(-1,0,1)

.

Sz 58, 683

molecular conductivity

molar conductivity

electric charge

(-1,0,1)

cu meter siemens per meter mole

CRC F87

quantity of electricity

electric charge

electric charge

(-1,0,1)

coulomb

AIP 43; CRC F134, F215, F283, F313; M 1-18, 15-3

surface viscosity

.

electric charge

(-1,0,1)

.

CRC F365, F378

 

 

electric current

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

ampere

electric current

electric current

(-2,0,1)

ampere

CRC F282; M 1-18; RR

ampere-turn

magnetomotive force

electric current

(-2,0,1)

ampere-turn

CRC F346; RR

biot

electric current

electric current

(-2,0,1)

ampere

CRC F346; RR

electric current

electric current

electric current

(-2,0,1)

ampere

AIP 41; CRC F282, F313, F360; M 1-18, 15-3

gilbert

magnetomotive force

electric current

(-2,0,1)

ampere-turn

CRC F101, F340, F350

jansky

radio signal flux density

electric current

(-2,0,1)

joule per sq meter

RR

langley

heat transmission

electric current

(-2,0,1)

joule per sq meter

CRC F109, F353; M 1-23; RR

magnetic potential difference

magnetomotive force

electric current

(-2,0,1)

ampere-turn

AIP 43; CRC F111; M 1-18; Sz 58

magnetomotive force

magnetomotive force

electric current

(-2,0,1)

ampere-turn

AIP 41; AQ 28; CRC F111; M 15-4; Sz 58, 679

med

energy per area

electric current

(-2,0,1)

joule per sq meter

RR

radiant exposure

.

electric current

(-2,0,1)

.

Sz 59, 687

sed

UV radiation dose

electric current

(-2,0,1)

joule per sq meter

RR

surface tension

surface tension

electric current

(-2,0,1)

newton per meter

AIP 44; CRC B214, F33, F34, F64, F127, F364; M 3-52; MH 2416; Sz 57, 675

 

 

radiance

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

apostilb

emitted luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

candela per sq meter

CRC F346; RR

blondel

emitted luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

candela per sq meter

RR

brightness

emitted luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

candela per sq meter

CRC F83; RR

bril [log scale]

emitted luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

candela per sq meter

RR

effective radiation

power per area

radiance

(-3,0,1)

watt per sq meter

CRC F93

emittance (1)

power per area

radiance

(-3,0,1)

watt per sq meter

CRC F95

energy fluence rate

energy per area second

radiance

(-3,0,1)

watt per sq meter

AIP 46; Sz 59, 686

energy flux density

energy per area second

radiance

(-3,0,1)

watt per sq meter

Sz 59, 686

excitance

power per area

radiance

(-3,0,1)

watt per sq meter

CRC F97

foot-candle

received luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

lux

CRC E210, F99, F104, F350; M 1-21

foot-lambert

emitted luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

candela per sq meter

CRC E210, F99, F350; M 1-22

heat flux density

heat power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

joule per sq meter second

CRC F363, 366; Sz 677

illuminance

received luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

lux

AIP 41; CRC E210, F104, F134, F283, F314, F341; M 1-18

illumination

received luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

lux

CRC E210, F104; MH 2416

intensity

intensity

radiance

(-3,0,1)

.

Sz 669 (indirect)

intensity of radiation

wave power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

watt per sq meter

CRC F105

irradiance

received wave energy ? (see lux)

radiance

(-3,0,1)

watt per sq meter

CRC E209, F107; Sz 58, 681

lambert

emitted luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

candela per sq meter

CRC E210, F108, F353; M 1-23; RR

luminance

emitted luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

candela per sq meter

CRC E207, E210, F110, F283, F341; M 1-18; MH 2416

luminous emittance

received luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

lux

CRC E210, F97

luminous excitance

received luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

lux

CRC E210, F97

luminous flux density

received luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

lux

CRC E210

lux

received luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

lux

CRC E210, F104, F134, F283, F314, F353; M 1-18; MH 2416

met

.

radiance

(-3,0,1)

.

RR

meter-candle

received luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

lux

CRC F354

meter-lambert

emitted luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

candela per sq meter

RR

nit

emitted luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

candela per sq meter

CRC E210, F355; RR

nox

received luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

lux

CRC F355; RR

phot

received luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

lux

CRC E210, F104, F118, F341, F355; M 1-23

poynting vector

power per area

radiance

(-3,0,1)

watt per sq meter

AIP 77

pyron

heat flow

radiance

(-3,0,1)

joule per sq meter second

CRC F120; RR

radiance

power per area and solid angle

radiance

(-3,0,1)

watt per sq meter steradian

CRC E209; Sz 58, 681

radiant emittance

power per area

radiance

(-3,0,1)

watt per sq meter

CRC E209

radiant energy fluence rate

fluence rate

radiance

(-3,0,1)

watt per sq meter

AIP 46

radiant excitance

power per area

radiance

(-3,0,1)

watt per sq meter

CRC E209, F97

radiant flux density

power per area

radiance

(-3,0,1)

watt per sq meter

CRC E209

skot

emitted luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

candela per sq meter

RR

sound intensity

sound intensity

radiance

(-3,0,1)

watt per sq meter

M 12-136; Sz 58, 683

stilb

emitted luminous power density

radiance

(-3,0,1)

candela per sq meter

CRC E210, F341, F358; M 1-24; RR

 

 

momentum

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

debye

electric dipole moment

momentum

(-1,1,1)

coulomb meter

CRC E59, F285; RR

electric dipole moment

electric dipole moment

momentum

(-1,1,1)

coulomb meter

AIP 39; AQ 28; CRC E59, F91, F285; Sz 58, 680

impulse

momentum

momentum

(-1,1,1)

newton second

AIP 42; M 3-52; Sz 57, 673

momentum

momentum

momentum

(-1,1,1)

newton second

AIP 39; CRC F114; M 3-52; Sz 57, 673

 

 

force

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

dyne

force

force

(-2,1,1)

newton

CRC F284, F349; MH 2420

flow resistance

.

force

(-2,1,1)

.

CRC F363

force

force

force

(-2,1,1)

newton

AIP 41; CRC F134, F283, F313, F363; M 1-18, 3-52; MH 2415

kip

force

force

(-2,1,1)

newton

CRCC F353; M 1-23; RR table27 p120

lineal energy

linear energy density

force

(-2,1,1)

joule per meter

CRC F360

linear energy transfer

energy transfer

force

(-2,1,1)

joule per meter

CRC F360

linear stopping power

linear stopping power

force

(-2,1,1)

joule per meter

AIP 43

newton

force

force

(-2,1,1)

newton

CRC F114, F134, F283, F313, F354; M1-18, 3-52; MH 2415

pole strength

pole strength

force

(-2,1,1)

ampere-turn meter

M 15-4

pond

force

force

(-2,1,1)

newton

CRC F356; MH 2420; RR

poundal

force

force

(-2,1,1)

newton

M 1-24; MH 2420; RR

sthene

force

force

(-2,1,1)

newton

RR

stopping power

stopping power

force

(-2,1,1)

joule per meter

AIP 43

surface diffusivity

.

force

(-2,1,1)

.

CRC F364

unit magnetic pole

.

force

(-2,1,1)

newton

M 15-4

weight

force

force

(-2,1,1)

newton

AIP 44; CRC F112, F132

 

 

angular inertia

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

angular inertia

angular inertia

angular inertia

(0,2,1)

kilogram sq meter

CRC F77

moment of inertia

angular inertia

angular inertia

(0,2,1)

kilogram sq meter

AIP 41; CRC F114; M 3-52; Sz 57, 673

 

 

angular momentum

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

action

work time

angular momentum

(-1,2,1)

joule second

CRC F75

action integral

work time

angular momentum

(-1,2,1)

joule second

AIP 42

angular momentum

angular momentum

angular momentum

(-1,2,1)

joule second

AIP 42; CRC F77; M 3-52

degree day

temperature time

angular momentum

(-1,2,1)

kelvin second

RR

moment of momentum

angular momentum

angular momentum

(-1,2,1)

joule second

CRC F77; Sz 57, 674

plank

angular momentum

angular momentum

(-1,2,1)

joule second

RR

quadropole moment

atomic symmetry

angular momentum

(-1,2,1)

coulomb sq meter

AIP 43

spin

angular momentum

angular momentum

(-1,2,1)

joule second

CRC B228, F126; RR

 

 

power

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

air watt

power

power

(-3,2,1)

watt

RR

apparent power

power

power

(-3,2,1)

watt

M 15-3

bougie

emitted luminous power

power

(-3,2,1)

candela

RR

candela

emitted luminous power

power

(-3,2,1)

candela

CRC F84, F282, F347; M 1-18; MH 2415

candlepower

emitted luminous power

power

(-3,2,1)

candela

CRC E210; RR

carcel

emitted luminous power

power

(-3,2,1)

candela

RR

clusec

power

power

(-3,2,1)

watt

RR

frigorie

power

power

(-3,2,1)

watt

RR

heat flow rate

heat flow rate

power

(-3,2,1)

watt

CRC F320

heat flux

heat flow rate

power

(-3,2,1)

watt

CRC F363; Sz 57, 677

hefner

emitted luminous power

power

(-3,2,1)

candela

CRC F110, F351; RR

horsepower

power

power

(-3,2,1)

watt

CRC F103, F351; MH 2422; RR

international candle

emitted luminous power

power

(-3,2,1)

candela

CRC F106

lumen

received luminous power

power

(-3,2,1)

lumen

CRC E210, F110, F134, F283, F314, F353; M 1-18; MH 2416

luminous flux

received luminous power

power

(-3,2,1)

lumen

AIP 47; CRC E210, F110, F134, F283, F314; M 1-18; MH 2416

luminous intensity

emitted luminous power

power

(-3,2,1)

candela

AIP 41; CRC E210, F110, F282; M 1-18; MH 2415

lusec

power

power

(-3,2,1)

watt

RR

man hour

power

power

(-3,2,1)

watt

RR

manpower

power

power

(-3,2,1)

watt

RR

poncelet

power

power

(-3,2,1)

watt

RR

power

power

power

(-3,2,1)

watt

AIP 43; CRC F119, F134, F283, F313, F360, F364; M 1-18, 3-52; MH 2415

radiant flux

power

power

(-3,2,1)

watt

CRC E209, F134; Sz 58, 681

radiant intensity

power per solid angle

power

(-3,2,1)

watt per steradian

CRC E209; M 1-18

radiant power

power

power

(-3,2,1)

watt

Sz 58, 681

reactive power

i power

power

(-3,2,1)

var

M 15-3; RR

sound energy flux

.

power

(-3,2,1)

.

Sz 58, 683

sound power

power

power

(-3,2,1)

watt

RR; Sz 58, 683

ton (4)

power

power

(-3,2,1)

watt

RR

troland

emitted luminous power

power

(-3,2,1)

candela

RR

var

i power

power

(-3,2,1)

var

M 15-3; RR

violle

emitted luminous power

power

(-3,2,1)

candela

RR

watt

power

power

(-3,2,1)

watt

CRC F134, F283, F313, F358, F360; M 1-18, 3-52; MH 2415, 2422

 

 

stopping cross section

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

stopping cross section

stopping cross section

stopping cross section

(-2,3,1)

joule sq meter per meter

cea.com

 

 

atomic stopping power

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

atomic stopping power

atomic stopping power

atomic stopping power

(-2,4,1)

joule sq meter

AIP 43

 

 

first hyper-polarizability

Measurement

Description

Fundamental

Quantity

SP

Dimensions

SI unit

Reference

first hyper-polarizability

first hyper-polarizability

first hyper-polarizability

(1,-1,1)

cu coulomb cu meter per sq joule

efunda.com

  

Notes:

1) Repitious modifications of the same measurement (i.e.:mega-, milli-, micro-; free, rotational, ...) may not be reiterated.

2) Statistics units may not be included.

3) The following abreviations are used: sq = square, cu = cubic.

 

References:

1) AIP = E. Richard cohen, The Physics Quick Reference guide, 1996, American Institute of Physics.

2) AQ = C. W. Allen, Astrophysical quantities second edition, 1963, The Athlone Press University of London.

3) CRC = CRC Handbook of chemistry and Physics 70th edition, 1989, CRC Press.

4) M = Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers ninth edition, 1978, McGraw-Hill.

5) MH = Machinery's Handbook 23rd edition, 1988, Industrial Press.

6) RR = Russ Rowlett's (web-based) Dictionary of Units of Measurement.

7) Sz = T. Szirtes, Applied dimensional analysis and Modeling, 1998, McGraw-Hill.

8) S&H = H. Poincare', Science and Hypothesis (translated 1905, Dover 1952)